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jueves, 25 de junio de 2015

Cannabis genetics: HOW TO IMPROVE

Achieve a high level of knowledge about the inheritance as cannabis works. Its special characteristics, the less pure are the kindreds involved in the crossing is more complex to predict the outcome, so always make sure that work with little or no hybridized lines and improve before starting the breeding project. If you do not have them, work is complicated too much.
You can make a basic selection from observing the phenotype or morphology of the plant and statistics to demonstrate whether or not the desired throughout the general population of individuals grown characters. We must learn to recognize these characters when they occur, but also when they cease to do so or when they appear mixed or "camouflaged" with others. Another problem arises from the fact that most of the alleles are affected by more than one gene, whose activation or latency can alter the expression of all characters that depend to some extent on it.

Genotype and Phenotype

As an example: the ripening time. This is a little considered factor in the cultivation of narcotic cannabis, always giving full importance to flowering time and even confusing these two processes are actually different. Cannabis, maturation begins after a certain period of bloom in the reproductive system of the plant begins to stop working, the female has been fertilized or not. If fertilization, the effect is clearly visible because while the embryos start their growth is observed as the production of new brake sexual organ is pollinated and if you have more than 70% of the female stops completely.




For the cultivation "sinsemilla", which is usually the object of the seeds planted by the end user, the aging time becomes really difficult to determine since the one hand, the metabolic signal that never comes fertilization occurs so the plant continues to produce flowers. This is usually joined in that inner crops and / or gases, the photo period is normally kept constant. Even though the most experienced cannabicultores increasing hours of darkness go along flowering trying to mimic nature, these changes are so gradual as ever in that plant and adapt its program within their reactions to the new situation. Finally, there are other more subtle conditions and often even left out of consideration by the lack of necessary measuring instruments such as the level of UVA and UVB radiation, the angle of incidence of the light beam on the ground or the amount gamma ray received at a given time. Thus, from the foregoing, we can say that the genes that control the ripening process in the cannabis produced different expressions depending on factors external to the plant. Some are controllable and measurable as the photoperiod or fertilization and others fall beyond our control.

Also, do not forget the other parent, also necessary in a breeding program of cannabis: the male. Here the problem is compounded because in order to meet all the parameters that concern us and recognize that they can provide a time line with the maturing of the female we will have to keep throughout their life cycle. Furthermore, the metabolic processes of the male are different to those of the female for this character, because the male not becomes "pregnant" and of course not have to develop any embryos.

External to the plant with respect to the expression that it produces in reaction to them are so many factors that require us to somehow limit the range of these in the next generation to meet the criteria of expression, trying to select the most possible copies within the limits for discarding go then to fine tune in successive generations.

The kit of the matter is that the phenotype, being the "physical expression" genotype, is not transmitted hereditarily but disappears when dying the issue, and we are trying to maintain a genotype which always express the same phenotype to a certain range conditions. In short, the fundamental problem is to find better specimens that have the genotype that best expresses the phenotype we want. If there is a direct correspondence between genotype and phenotype, the problem would be solved worse as hereinafter be seen, this is not due among other things to the intermediate inheritance.

The basis of selection

In order to check the expression of the maximum number of characters, we should plant as many seeds. Banks make serious seeds planted huge, a thousand copies or more of which ultimately very select few individuals.

The fact is that the task can be eased enough if we begin working with pure lines or completely stabilized in the characters that you wish to pass on to offspring. On the other hand, if we go a bit below standards in characters that are not considered "major," we can work with fewer plants.


This is a simple attempt to explain any steps as a team of 400W and cloner can start a breeding project model. This is not a strict or "dogmatic" project, but a general model that can be scaled up or down, depending on the means of breeder. Of course, seed banks are working on a much larger scale and with nuances and peculiarities not mentioned here and yes later.

In this case, we will assume that we have a cloner up to 30 clones and flowering area for up to 20 plants. Most purists may find an error in its discretion; their input will always be welcome.

When taking the corresponding notes on the characteristics of the specimens. We will start with two pure lines as much as possible, line will as an example that will Chitral Kush A and line B is a Congolese Haze-dominant race in aroma, flavor and combustion.

eliminandoejemplaresEliminar copies
The aim is to obtain fast and productive plants bloom keeping Haze aromas, so we will work on the following characters: speed of flowering, maturation rate, final production, aroma, taste and smell burning. When we speak of "select" we mean choosing individuals who meet the requirements of the target and showing no other characters that do not interest us.

1) We will cultivate line A and select the best 5 males (Am1-5) and the 5 best females (Ah1-5) for later use.

1.1) germinates something more than double the plants will fit in the room Bloom
1.2) beam vegetative cycle
1.3) plants sexa
1.4) selects the females and the final pot trasplántalas
1.5) delivers 4 clones of each female
1.6) put to bloom all males and all females, nothing happens
1.7) before the males begin to expel pollen, bring them, evaluate them and select the top 5
1.8) pruning these males, scrape out all the flowers and slip a vegetative again (revegetation)
1.9) harvest females, evaluate them and identifies the top 5.
1.10) keeps the two best clones of each of the 5 selected females (them out in section 1.5), and discard the rest

At this point, you have 15 clones (2 x 5 + 5 males females revegetated or cloned) and some smoking material. The process has no extra costs for the next installment cannabicultor.En finish to expose this basic methodology of breeding, to go deeper into the issue.

Source: http: //www.cannabismagazine.es/

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